{"id":1091,"date":"2019-10-31T14:03:19","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T14:03:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/?p=1091"},"modified":"2019-10-31T14:03:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T14:03:26","slug":"sulphuric-acid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/sulphuric-acid\/","title":{"rendered":"Sulphuric Acid"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3>INTRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sulphuric acid is a chemical compound (H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub>).\nIt is odorless, colorless, extremely corrosive, oily liquid and sometimes it is\ncalled oil of vitriol. Concentrated sulphuric acid is a weak acid because of\nits poor electrolytes, at room temperature, a little bit of it is dissociated\ninto ions. But on the other hand, it is also considered as the king of\nchemicals. Its boiling point is too high. It is known as an oxidizing agent.\nWhen we cool the concentrated sulphuric acid it does not react with such metals\nlike iron and copper. When in the hot condition the sulphuric acid reacts with\nmost of the metals and non-metals like sulphur and carbon. It is soluble in\nwater because of its syrupy liquid texture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3>MOLECULAR FORM OF SULPHURIC ACID<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"264\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/image-114.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1093\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3>HISTORY OF SULPHURIC ACID <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sulphuric acid was discovered by Jabar ibn\nHayyan in the 8<sup>th<\/sup> century and later on, in 9<sup>th<\/sup> century,\nthe physician and alchemist Ibn Zakkriya AL Razi studied the properties of\nsulphuric acid and obtain the substance by dry distillation of minerals\nincluding iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate FeSO<sub>4<\/sub>.7H<sub>2<\/sub>O and\ncopper (II) sulfate pentahydrate CuSO<sub>4<\/sub>.5H<sub>2<\/sub>O. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When these compounds are heated they were\nconverted into iron oxide and copper oxide, giving off water and sulphur\ntrioxide, when these compounds are combined suphuric acid is formed. Later on,\nit was famous in Europe. The Medieval European alchemist named the sulphuric\nacid \u201coil of vitriol\u201d because it was prepared by roasting \u2018green vitriol\u2019 Iron\n(II) sulfate in an Iron retort (Device used to obtain the substance by dry\ndistillation). In 1746, by the Lead chamber process the sulphuric acid was\nproduced, invented by John Roebuck and soon it was improved by many others. The\nprocess created by john roebuck approached a 65% concentration. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Later purification to the lead chamber by the\nFrench chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and British chemist Johan Glover\nimproved concentration to 78%. The process produced by green vitriol was\nexpensive. In 1830 the contact process was developed by Peregrine Philips in\nEngland. The contact process was very economical for producing sulphur trioxide\nand sulphuric acid. Today this method is used to produce sulphuric acid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>USES OF SULPHURIC ACID<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"347\" height=\"275\" src=\"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/image-113.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1092\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/image-113.png 347w, https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/image-113-300x238.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>INDUSTRIAL USES<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sulphuric acid is a strong mineral acid. Most\nof the sulphuric acid used in the industry and it is also known as the\nindustrial compound. Sulphuric acid is a good indicator because of its\nindustrial strength. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The\nmajor use of sulphuric acid is in the industry.it is used in different\nindustries in different ways. The most important use of sulphuric acid in the\nindustry is in the production of phosphoric acid by the wet method (phosphoric\nacid is produced by reacting sulphuric acid naturally occurring phosphate\nrock).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>AGRICULTURAL USE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The\nmajor usage of sulphuric acid is in the fertilizers e.g. superphosphate of lime\nand ammonium sulphate. Almost 60% of the sulphuric acid is consumed for\nfertilizers particularly superphosphates, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium\nsulphate. It is also used in potato farming.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>BLEACHING AGENT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>In\nthe manufacture of chemicals like synthetic detergents, drugs, dyes, pigments.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>OIL REFINING<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It\nis used to refine the petroleum and to wash the impurities out of gasoline.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>MEDICAL PROCESSES<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Skin\ninfections can be treated by sulphuric acid. It is used in skin ointments. It is\nused in the treatment of canker sores; it is the basic ingredient of the\nointment named Debacterol.<\/li><li>Sulphuric\nacid is used in the making of various types of drugs. Like Chemotherapy, it is\nused to cure cancer.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>CLEANING PROCESS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Home\nusage of sulphuric acid is to drain cleansers but it should be handled\ncarefully because it is a very dangerous chemical.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>STEEL MANUFACTURING<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Sulphuric\nacid is used in the manufacturing of copper and zinc and in cleaning the\nsurface of the steel sheet. This cleaning process is known as\n&#8220;pickling&#8221;. It converts the steel into a thin layer which is used to\nmake cans.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>AUTOMOBILE BATTERIES<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It is\nused in motor vehicles. Concentrated sulphuric acid is the electrolyte in the\nlead-acid storage battery.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>RAYON <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Rayon\nhas medium strength. Rayon is used in the textile industry. Textile rayon is\nmade from cellulose fibers derived from the wood. Cellulose fiber is dissolved\nin the solution. This solution contains cellulose fiber and Tetra Amine Copper\nwhich produce thick blue liquid. This thick blue liquid is injected into\nsulphuric acid to form Rayon fibers. <\/li><li>It is\nalso used in medical bandages.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>PAPER BLEACHING<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Bleaching\nof paper pulp is done with concentrated sulphuric acid. It is also used in\npaper sizing.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>WATER TREATMENT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Sulphuric\nacid is used to bring the ph level of wastewater back to normal.it separates\ndissolved waste from the water during this process.it eliminates the virus and\nbacteria from the water.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>MANUFACTURING OF VETERINARY\nDRUGS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Veterinary\ndrugs are the medicines that are used to give animals to treat them from\ninjury, disease, and pests in livestock. Sulphuric acid is used in the\nmanufacturing of veterinary drugs to cure the animal of disease.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>EXPLOSIVES PRODUCTION<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Concentrated\nsulphuric acid is used in the manufacturing of explosives. It acts as a\ncatalyst in making any kind of explosives that contain nitrate.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>SYNTHESIS OF PLASTICS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Sulphuric\nacid is used as a catalyst in the synthesis of plastics.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;DETERGENTS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It is\nused in making soaps and detergents. Castor oil is used as a source of\nvegetable oils.it reacts with sulphuric acid to form a detergent. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>MAKING OF PAINTS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Concentrated\nsulphuric acid is a viscous liquid which absorbs the water vapors from the air\nand becomes a solution. It is observed that sulphuric acid is being used for\nremoving paints from the rubber surface.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>JET FUEL<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A\nsmall amount of sulphuric acid reacts with water to form H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4.\n<\/sub>It does not dissolve directly to the jet fuel. It is highly corrosive.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>LEATHER<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Animal\nskin is converted into the leather by using sulphuric acid along with other chemicals.\nThis process is called the pickling process.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>PICKLING\nPROCESS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CARBON SUGAR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Carbon\nsugar is formed by the reaction of sugar with the dehydration of sulphuric\nacid. It removes the water from the sugar and converts into thick black tube.it\nis also called Carbon Snake<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table class=\"wp-block-table\"><tbody><tr><td>\n  WORLD\n  <\/td><td>\n  &nbsp;270\n  million tons\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  CHINA\n  <\/td><td>\n  74 million tons\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  US\n  <\/td><td>\n  37 million tons\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  INDIA\n  <\/td><td>\n  16 million tons\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  RUSSIA\n  <\/td><td>\n  14 million tons\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  MORROCO\n  <\/td><td>\n  7 million tons\n  <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\n  PAKISTAN\n  <\/td><td>\n  4 million tons\n  <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n<p>SAFETY<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LABORATORY HAZARDS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sulphuric acid has a highly exothermic reaction\nwith water. The process of making concentrated sulphuric acid is very\ndangerous.it has corrosive properties. If it contacts with skin, then\nimmediately go for first aid treatment. The contaminated cloth must be removed\nfrom the skin and underlying skin should be washed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sulfuric acid is non- flammable. The dispersal\nof acid aerosols and gaseous sulfur dioxide is an additional hazard of fires\ninvolving sulfuric acid. Water should not be used as an extinguishing agent\nbecause of the risk of further dispersal of aerosols. Exposure to aerosols may\nlead to eye irritation and respiratory tract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>REFERENCES<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/byjus.com\/chemistry\/uses-of-sulfuric-acid\/?fbclid=IwAR3ZECH2Z--5-8c1yB6iIn8PIvpmj27U6xGBKjSVlieozYrKaoPUFZMOb5A\">https:\/\/byjus.com\/chemistry\/uses-of-sulfuric-acid\/?fbclid=IwAR3ZECH2Z&#8211;5-8c1yB6iIn8PIvpmj27U6xGBKjSVlieozYrKaoPUFZMOb5A<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sulfuric_acid\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sulfuric_acid<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cs.mcgill.ca\/~rwest\/wikispeedia\/wpcd\/wp\/s\/Sulfuric_acid.htm\">https:\/\/www.cs.mcgill.ca\/~rwest\/wikispeedia\/wpcd\/wp\/s\/Sulfuric_acid.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldofchemicals.com\/430\/chemistry-articles\/industrial-applications-of-sulfuric-acid.html?fbclid=IwAR1JoITxpute4HXRy8rcNG1vVTFojU9VgwaYfMAQyQXnRL_q3Kg_frea3Xk\">https:\/\/www.worldofchemicals.com\/430\/chemistry-articles\/industrial-applications-of-sulfuric-acid.html?fbclid=IwAR1JoITxpute4HXRy8rcNG1vVTFojU9VgwaYfMAQyQXnRL_q3Kg_frea3Xk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/science-and-technology\/chemistry\/compounds-and-elements\/sulfuric-acid\">https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/science-and-technology\/chemistry\/compounds-and-elements\/sulfuric-acid<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=uses+of+concentrated+sulphuric+acid&amp;rlz=1C1GGRV_enPK751PK752&amp;oq=uses+of+comcentrated+sul&amp;aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0.13957j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8\">https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=uses+of+concentrated+sulphuric+acid&amp;rlz=1C1GGRV_enPK751PK752&amp;oq=uses+of+comcentrated+sul&amp;aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0.13957j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>INTRODUCTION OF SULPHURIC ACID Sulphuric acid is a chemical compound (H2SO4). It is odorless, colorless, extremely corrosive, oily liquid and sometimes it is called oil of vitriol. Concentrated sulphuric acid is a weak acid because of its poor electrolytes, at room temperature, a little bit of it is dissociated into ions. But on the other &#8230; <a title=\"Sulphuric Acid\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/sulphuric-acid\/\" aria-label=\"More on Sulphuric Acid\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rating_form_position":"","rating_results_position":"","mr_structured_data_type":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"multi-rating":{"mr_rating_results":[{"adjusted_star_result":0,"star_result":0,"total_max_option_value":5,"adjusted_score_result":0,"score_result":0,"percentage_result":0,"adjusted_percentage_result":0,"count":0,"post_id":1091}]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1091"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1091"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1091\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1104,"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1091\/revisions\/1104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1091"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1091"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chemdictionary.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1091"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}